Program     Ocean-atmosphere interactions and multi-scale climate variability in a changing climate       Poster Integrated Leakage Monitoring of Marine Carbon Storage P-P2-04 Dr. Jianghui Li* , University of Southampton, UK Prof. Fei Yuan, Xiamen University, China Prof. En Cheng, Xiamen University, China Presenter Email: J.Li@soton.ac.uk Carbon dioxide (CO2) Capture and Storage (CCS) has been identified as an important strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. To confirm that injected CO2 stays in the reservoir as intended, reliable Marine Carbon Storage monitoring is critical, and that any occurring leakage is promptly detected and corrected. Technologies for such leakage monitoring include acoustic (passive/active) and chemical (pH/concentration) methods. For such monitoring, integrated way of combining and optimizing multiple methods is emerging as a promising strategy. Develop such an integrated monitoring technology is the basic of this connection. Combination of acoustic and chemical methods will be considered. Direct detection of greenhouse gases as gas phase in the water column will be discussed with active and passive acoustic sensors. Indirect detection of gas leakage will be discussed with pH sensors as pH changes in the surrounding liquid against expected background levels established during baseline assessment. Wireless sensor networks will also be discussed in the baseline establishment and application. A baseline with natural fluctuations can be established over time, to interpret measurements of CO2, pH or temperature as indicating leakage. Many acoustic recorders consist of multiple acoustic sensors. Sensor array systems, including active and passive, will be considered to investigate the movement of bubbles and their spatial distribution. Array processing algorithms will be considered to process data received by distributed (e.g., horizontal or vertical) multiple acoustic sensors. This type of data analysis may contribute to extract more information from gas bubble stream and enables creating a more comprehensive monitoring system. Field work on acoustic experiments has been conducted in the natural greenhouse gas seeps offshore Panarea, Italy, along with the Southampton-join European Union project STEMM-CCS (Strategies for Environmental Monitoring of Marine Carbon Capture and Storage). We will focus on integration of various techniques and discuss the best integrated way for monitoring the flux of greenhouse gases through the seafloor into the ocean. The development of such monitoring technologies will be considered and discussed to monitor existing abandoned wells in the South China Sea and form an important component for future Marine Carbon Capture and Storage in China. Laboratory and field work can then be conducted. This topic is crucial for promoting confidence in global marine carbon storage as a viable technology for reducing greenhouse gas to the atmosphere.

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