Program
 
General Session 2: Marine & estuarine biogeochemistry
 
 
 
Poster
Solute transport into the Jiulong River estuary via pore water exchange and submarine groundwater discharge: New insights from 224Ra/228Th disequilibrium
GS2-76-S
Qingquan Hong* , State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University
Pinghe Cai, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University
Xiangming Shi, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University
Qing Li, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University
Guizhi Wang, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University
Presenter Email: qqhong@stu.xmu.edu.cn
Pore water exchange (PEX) and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) represent two mechanisms for solute transport from the seabed into the coastal ocean. However, their relative importance remains to be assessed. In this study, we pursued the recently developed 224Ra/228Th disequilibrium approach to quantify PEX fluxes of 224Ra into the Jiulong River estuary, China. By constructing a full mass balance of water column 224Ra, we were allowed to put various source terms, i.e., SGD, diffusive and advective pore water flow (PEX), and river input in a single context. This led to the first quantitative assessment of the relative importance of PEX vs. SGD in the delivery of solutes into an estuary. We carried out two surveys in the Jiulong River estuary: one in January 2014 (winter survey), the other in August 2014 (summer survey). By virtue of a 1-D mass balance model of 224Ra in the sediment column, we demonstrated that PEX fluxes of 224Ra were highly variable, both temporally and spatially, and can change by 1¨C2 orders of magnitude in our study area. Moreover, we identified a strong correlation between 224Ra-based irrigation rate and 234Th-based sediment mixing rate. Our results highlighted irrigation as the predominant PEX process for solute transfer across the sediment-water interface. Total PEX flux of 224Ra (in 1010 dpm d-1) into the Jiulong River estuary was estimated to be 22.3¡À3.0 and 33.7¡À5.5 during the winter and summer surveys, respectively. In comparison, total SGD flux of 224Ra (in 1010 dpm d-1) was 11.3¡À8.6 and 49.5¡À16.3 in the respective seasons. By multiplying the PEX fluxes of 224Ra by the ratio of the concentration gradients of component/224Ra at the sediment-water interface, we quantified the total PEX fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nutrients (NH4+, NO3-, and H4SiO4) into the Jiulong River estuary. In the meantime, net export of DIC and nutrients via SGD were estimated by multiplying the SGD fluxes of 224Ra by the DIC (nutrients)/224Ra ratios in the SGD end-members around this area. Our results revealed that PEX-driven fluxes of solutes rival net SGD input and river input in an estuary. An additional new finding is that water column NO3- in the surface estuary was effectively sequestered due to SGD, probably as a result of intense denitrification occurring in the anoxic subterranean estuary.