| Marine assessment and management worldwide has to tackle transboundary and cross-sectoral issues because of seas encompassing the waters of many countries and because of the many activities in the seas and their catchments. The nature of the marine environment, in having unbounded boundaries (because of the dynamic nature of both the natural and societal aspects) and moving baselines (because of climate change) makes it a particularly challenging environment to manage. Accordingly, regional seas, have evolved environmental protection bodies which have to operate across geo-political boundaries but which have to encompass all the prevailing philosophies and approaches to marine environmental management; the latter are within national, regional, international and global governance mechanisms. This presentation illustrates an integrated marine management framework based on the DAPSI(W)R(M) approach (Drivers, Activities, Pressures, State changes, Impacts (on human Welfare) and Responses (using Measures)), the Ecosystem Approach, the 10-tenets of sustainable management, and the Risk Assessment and Risk Management Framework. This takes note of vertical integration in governance and horizontal integration across stakeholders by showing the system of interlinked marine governance, the plethora of bodies involved in marine management in a country, and the stakeholder typology. Finally, the presentation shows the successes of such approaches but also notes the impediments to a successful and sustainable management outcome.
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